Investors often buy stocks based on emotions rather than facts. Apple (AAPL) offered two very different buying opportunities—one in December 1999 and another in December 2000. The key difference? Valuation.

By Raymond M. Mullaney, CEO
March 20, 2025

In 1999, Apple’s stock price was $0.98 with a P/S ratio of 2.87 and a P/E of 29.3—rich valuations that signaled high risk.
A year later, the stock had fallen 73% to $0.26, but revenues, profits, and tangible equity had all grown. The P/S had dropped to just 0.62 and the P/E to 6.3, making it a significantly better opportunity.

Equity Risk Sciences’ proprietary risk ratings would have warned investors:
📌 PRI™ (Price Risk Indicator™) was 84 in 1999 (high risk), but just 3 in 2000 (low risk).
📌 FRR™ (Financial Risk Rating™) dropped from 64 to 5, signaling a much safer buy.

If investment advisors had relied on ERS’s objective data science rather than market hype, they could have avoided a bad buy in 1999 and made a smart one in 2000.

👉 Want to make better investment decisions? Download the PDF report – then contact us today.

12/2/1999 12/26/2000 % Change
Price $0.98 $0.26 -73%
Market Cap $17.6 billion $4.9 billion -72%
Price to Sales 2.87 0.62 -78%
Price to Earnings 29.3 6.3 -79%
Price to Tangible Equity 5.95 1.22 -79%
Revenue $6.1 billion $8.0 billion +30%
Net Income $601 million $786 million +31%
Tangible Equity $3.0 billion $4.0 billion +36%
PRI™ 84 3
FRR™ 64 5